Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
Volume 36, Issue 3, Pages 345-358Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-013-9554-7
Keywords
Organochlorine pesticides; Principal component analysis; Kriging; Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs); Health risk assessment
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41101491, U1202236]
- frontier project of the knowledge innovation engineering field of Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences [ISSASIP1106]
- Special Research Foundation of the Public Natural Resource Management Department from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China [201109018]
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Spatial distribution, sources and potential health risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), in surface soils (n = 544) collected from a typical alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta region, China, were elucidated. Concentrations of I HCH pound and I DDT pound in soils ranged from less than the limit of detection (< LOD) to 99.0 ng g(-1), dry weight (dw) (mean 3.23 ng g(-1) dw) and < LOD to 600 ng g(-1) dw (mean 88.8 ng g(-1) dw), respectively. Historical applications of HCH and DDT were the major sources of the residue in soils. HCH was mainly distributed in Anthrosols in the southern part of the watershed, while DDT was mainly distributed in Cambosols in the northern part. The 95 % cumulative probability incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of different age groups such as children, youths, and adults all exceeded the acceptable risk level of 10(-6) recommended by USEPA for carcinogenic chemicals. The spatial distributions of aILCRs were consistent with concentrations of OCPs in soils, while they were slight different for the different age groups. Adult females had the greatest risk of OCPs in soils, followed by children, while youths had the least risk. The ingestion of OCPs in soils was the more important route of exposure compared with dermal and inhalation exposures. The concentration of OCPs in soils, the particulate emission factor, the fraction of dermal exposure ratio, and the soil ingestion rate were the major contributing variables to total ILCRs according to sensitivity analyses.
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