Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 3, Pages 612-616Publisher
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1603/EN14028
Keywords
Holotrichia oblita; Holotrichia parallela; Anomala corpulenta; Cry8
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31301731]
- National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2011AA10A203]
- Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest [201003025]
- National Science and Technology Major Project [2014ZX08009-013B]
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The entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control various pest species of scarab beetle but is not particularly effective. Gut bacteria have diverse ecological and evolutionary effects on their hosts, but whether gut bacteria can protect scarabs from B. thuringiensis infection remains poorly understood. To investigate this, we isolated 32 cultivable gut bacteria from Holotrichia oblita Faldermann, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, and Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky, and analyzed their effect on B. thuringiensis multiplication and Cry toxin stability. 16SrDNAanalysis indicated that these gut bacteria belong to the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla. A confrontation culture analyses of the 32 isolates against three scarab-specific B. thuringiensis strains showed that the majority of the scarab gut bacteria had antibacterial activity against the B. thuringiensis strains. The Cry toxin stability analysis results showed that while several strains produced proteases capable of processing the scarab-specific toxin Cry8Ea, none were able to completely degrade it. These results suggest that gut bacteria can potentially affect the susceptibility of scarabs to B. thuringiensis and that this should be considered when considering future control measures.
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