Social support decreases depressogenic effect of low-dose interferon alpha treatment in melanoma patients

Objective: The most frequent serious psychological side effect of immune therapies is depression. In the present study, we tested whether social support, as a positive environmental effect, is able to moderate depression or anxiety symptoms in melanoma patients during adjuvant low-dose interferon treatment. Methods: Hundred and twenty-seven melanoma patients with negative psychiatric history were included in our longitudinal study and followed up for one year. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured six times during treatment: at baseline, at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month of the therapy. In addition, social support was investigated with the Social Dimension Scale. Results: Depressive symptoms significantly increased during the 12-month follow-up period (p < 0.001). However, social support significantly moderated the depressogenic effect of low-dose interferon treatment (p < 0.001). Patients with better social support showed attenuated increase of depression. Anxiety showed no significant changes during the low-dose interferon treatment (p = 0.230). Social support had no moderating effect on anxiety symptoms (p = 0.745) during the follow up. Discussion: Our data provide evidence that social support and interferon alpha treatment significantly interact in the development of depression. In addition, our study emphasises that enhancement of social support can reduce depressogenic side effects and increase compliance during adjuvant interferon treatment, and thus, psychological screening and psychooncological counselling should be incorporated in the treatment protocol. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.