Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 277-282Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s10311-009-0217-y
Keywords
Activated carbon; Chemical modification; Multiple functional groups; Lead adsorption; Water quality
Funding
- USDA-CSREES
- USEPA-NCER-STAR [RD831071]
- US-DOE [DE-FC26-02NT41607]
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This study is to develop a carbon-based adsorbent containing multiple functional ligands for effective removal of lead ions from aqueous media. Activated carbon was oxidized by nitric acid, followed by chlorination with thionyl chloride and reaction with ethylenediamine. Modified activated carbon (MAC) was characterized using scanning electron microscopy in conjunction of energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and potentiometric titration. Surface characterizations confirmed that carboxyl, amine, and chlorine functional groups were effectively introduced onto the carbon surface by the treatments. The modifications lowered the pH at the point of zero charge (pH(pzc)) from 9.6 to 2.55 and resulted in more negatively charged surfaces. Adsorptive experiments showed that aqueous Pb removal by MAC was faster, with a 62% higher capacity than the original activated carbon (60.2 vs. 37.2 mg g(-1)).
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