Response to drought of Zn-stressed Quercus suber L. seedlings

Zinc is an essential nutrient for higher plants but it becomes toxic as its availability increases. In nature, different stress factors commonly occur concurrently, challenging our ability to predict their impacts. Information on zinc (Zn) effect on plant ability to withstand other sources of stress is scarce. This study examines the effect of zinc supply rate on the response of Quercus suber L seedlings to water stress. Seedlings were treated with four levels of zinc from 3 to 150 mu M, and then exposed to a short severe drought. Zinc concentration in leaves and roots increased with zinc availability. Maximum photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency, root length and specific root length decreased as Zn availability increased. The decrease was particularly intense between 50 and 150 mu M Zn. The relative effects of drought were less intense in seedlings receiving higher doses of Zn than in those receiving 3 mu M. Thus, at severe drought, relative water content of detached leaves decreased to 52% in seedlings receiving the lowest level of Zn. In contrast, relative water content remained above 70% in seedlings exposed to high concentrations of this metal. The pattern was similar for photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, as the decrease in these variables resulting from severe drought was 100% and 90% in seedlings receiving 3 mu M and 65% and 56% in seedlings receiving the highest Zn dose. Our results suggest that morpho-physiological responses to zinc may foster water conservation strategies and alleviate the effects of drought in the short term, but they may impair seedling ability to root and grow in a longer term. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.