Journal
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
Volume 120, Issue -, Pages 516-524Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.027
Keywords
PM1; Asthma; Allergic predisposition; Children and adolescents; China
Categories
Funding
- Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [91543208]
- Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou [201807010032]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81872582, 81673128, 81703179, 81472936]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0207000]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [16ykzd02, 17ykpy14, 17ykpy16]
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [2014A050503027, 2016A030313342, 2017A050501062, 2017A090905042]
- Career Development Fellowship of Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [APP1107107]
- Early Career Fellowship of Australian National and Medical Research Council [APP1109193]
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Background and objectives: Little is known about PM1 effects on respiratory health, relative to larger size fractions (PM2.5). To address this literature gap, we assessed associations between PM1 exposure and asthmatic symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents, compared with PM2.5. Methods: A total of 59,754 children, aged 2-17 years, were recruited from 94 kindergartens, elementary and middle schools in the Seven Northeast Cities (SNEC) study, during 2012-2013. We obtained information on asthma and asthma-related symptoms including wheeze, persistent phlegm, and persistent cough using a standardized questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society. PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using a spatial statistical model matched to the children's geocoded home addresses. To examine the associations, mixed models with school/kindergarten as random intercept were used, controlling for covariates. Results: Odds ratios (ORs) of doctor-diagnosed asthma associated with a 10-mu g/m(3) increase for PM1 and PM2.5 were 1.56 (95% CI: 1.46-1.66) and 1.50 (1.41-1.59), respectively, and similar pattern were observed for other outcomes. Interaction analyses indicated that boys and the individuals with an allergic predisposition may be vulnerable subgroups. For example, among children with allergic predisposition, the ORs for doctor diagnosed asthma per 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM1 was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.60-1.83), which was stronger than in their counterparts (1.46; 1.37-1.56) (p (for interaction) < 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated that long-term exposure to PM1 may increase the risk of asthma and asthma-related symptoms, especially among boys and those with allergic predisposition. Furthermore, these positive associations for PM1 were very similar to those for PM2.5.
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