Journal
ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA
Volume 129, Issue 3, Pages 340-347Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00783.x
Keywords
biological control; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; insect-pathogenic fungus; Steinernema feltiae; Steinernema kraussei; pathogen combinations; synergy; compost; Coleoptera; Curculionidae
Categories
Funding
- Horticultural Development Council
- Koppert Biological Systems
- Horticulture LINK PROJECT [HL0171]
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Combined use of the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema feltiae Bovien, and Steinernema kraussei Steiner (Steinernematidae) and the insect-pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin (Clavicipitaceae) was evaluated for control of third-instar black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Black vine weevil larvae were exposed to various concentrations of M. anisopliae and EPNs and mortality was assessed weekly or at 3-day intervals under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The EPNs were added simultaneously, or 1 or 2 weeks after application of M. anisopliae. Throughout the experiments, the combined application of EPNs with M. anisopliae resulted in increased efficacy against black vine weevil. When the EPNs were applied 1 or 2 weeks after application of the fungus, 100% larval mortality was obtained, even when the biocontrol agents were used at reduced rates. The interactions observed suggest that EPN and M. anisopliae work together synergistically in potted Euonymus fortunei Blondy (Celastraceae) under greenhouse conditions and may provide a powerful and economically feasible approach for black vine weevil larval control.
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