Chitinase biotechnology: Production, purification, and application

Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers and is present in many organisms in different forms. Its resistance to degradation has caused many problems in industry (waste decomposition) and agriculture (as protective structures in pests); this has led to increased interest in chitin-hydrolyzing enzymes: chitinases. Chitinases are enzymes that break down the 14 -glycoside bond of N-acetyl d-glucosamine in chitin to produce mono- and oligomers. The inducible nature of chitinases, low activity of synthesized enzymes, and inertia of the substrate are only a few of the problems that can be solved by biotechnology to meet industry demands for green, energy-efficient, pollution-free, and economically profitable chitin use. This review aims to present the pitfalls and successes in research and production of chitinolytic enzymes, as well as to promote the use of chitinases in everyday practice. The focus is on the biosynthesis of chitinases: inducers, type of fermentation, and media composition. Methods for purification and future perspectives are also discussed.