Journal
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 573-582Publisher
AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS
DOI: 10.2514/1.B35367
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Funding
- European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) [EASA.2010.FC10, III-SC02]
- Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation project Particulate Matter and Gas Phase Emission Measurement of Aircraft Engine Exhaust
- Swiss Federal Laboratories
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A centrifugal particle mass analyzer and a modified differential mobility spectrometer were used to measure the mass and mobility of particulate matter emitted by CFM56-5B4/2P, CFM56-7B26/3, and PW4000-100 gas turbine engine sources. The mass-mobility exponent of the particulate matter from the CFM56-5B4/2P engine ranged from 2.68 to 2.82, whereas the effective particle densities varied from 600 to 1250 kg/m(3), depending on the static engine thrust and sampling methodology used. The effective particle densities from the CFM56-7B26/3 and PW4000-100 engines also fell within this range. The sample was conditioned with or without a catalytic stripper and with or without dilution, which caused the effective density to change, indicating the presence of condensed semivolatile material on the particles. Variability of the determined effective densities across different engine thrusts, based on the scattering about the line of best fit, was lowest for the diluted samples and highest for the undiluted sample without a catalytic stripper. This variability indicates that the relative amount of semivolatile material produced was engine thrust dependent. It was found that the nonvolatile particulate matter, effective particle density (in kilograms per cubic meter) of the CFM56-5B4/2P engine at relative thrusts below 30% could be approximated using the particle mobility diameter (d(me) in meters) with 11.92d(me)((2.76-3)).
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