Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 274, Issue -, Pages 957-964Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.185
Keywords
Optimum battery charging technique; Universal voltage protocol (UVP); Varying current profile (VCP); State of health (SOH); Charging efficiency; Cycle life
Funding
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Cross-discipline Foundation
- NSFC [61021063]
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An effective optimum charging technique for lithium ion batteries using a universal voltage protocol (UVP) that can accommodate cell aging is presented here. This charging method demands less learning to varying state-of-health (SOH) conditions with potential to improve charging efficiency and cycle life. The simplicity of UVP makes the implementation easier than the conventional constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV)-based methods. Here, the mathematical formulation, optimization targets (e.g. minimal time) and constraints (terminal voltages and other instrumental and cell electrochemistry-limited ones) are explained from the protocol design considerations. An equivalent circuit model was used and its parameters derived from the analysis of test data, which could yield a nonlinear varying current profile (VCP) by simulation and a genetic algorithm-based optimization. Both UVP and VCP were used in the validation to illustrate better charging efficiency and capacity retention, which showed a much improved cycle life. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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