Journal
ENERGY JOURNAL
Volume 33, Issue 3, Pages 1-22Publisher
INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.5547/01956574.33.3.1
Keywords
Electricity; Wind generation; Hydro generation; Storage; International trade
Categories
Funding
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via the Supergen Flexnet Consortium [EP/E04011X/1]
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Physical laws mean that it is generally impossible to identify which power stations are exporting to another country, but economic logic offers strong clues. On windy days, Denmark tends to export electricity to its neighbours, and to import power on calm days. Storing electricity in this way thus allows the country to deal with the intermittency of wind generation. We show that this kind of behaviour is theoretically optimal when a region with wind and thermal generation can trade with one based on hydro power. However, annual trends in Denmark's trade follow its output of thermal generation and are inversely related to Nordic production of hydro power and the amount of water available to Scan-dinavian generators, with no correlation with wind generation. We estimate the cost of volatility in Denmark's wind output to equal between 4% and 8% of its market value.
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