Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 294, Issue -, Pages 333-338Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.118
Keywords
Vanadium redox flow battery; Carbon paper; Kinetics; Surface area; Thermal activation; Electrode
Funding
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0887]
- Tennessee Solar Conversion and Storage using Outreach, Research and Education (TN-SCORE)
- NSF EPS [1004083]
- U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science (DOE-BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under UT-Battelle, LLC. [DE-AC0500OR22725]
- Office Of The Director
- EPSCoR [1004083] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The roundtrip electrochemical energy efficiency is improved from 63% to 76% at a current density of 200 mA cm(-2) in an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) by utilizing modified carbon paper electrodes in the high-performance no-gap design. Heat treatment of the carbon paper electrodes in a 42% oxygen/58% nitrogen atmosphere increases the electrochemically wetted surface area from 0.24 to 51.22 m(2) g(-1), resulting in a 100-140 mV decrease in activation overpotential at operationally relevant current densities. An enriched oxygen environment decreases the amount of treatment time required to achieve high surface area. The increased efficiency and greater depth of discharge doubles the total usable energy stored in a fixed amount of electrolyte during operation at 200 mA cm(-2). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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