A critical review of bio-diesel as a vehicular fuel

The use of vegetable oils as alternative fuels has been around for one hundred years when the inventor of the diesel engine Rudolph Diesel first tested peanut oil, in his compression-ignition engine. In 1970, scientists discovered that the viscosity of vegetable oils could be reduced by a simple chemical process and that it could perform as diesel fuel in modern engine. Considerable efforts have been made to develop vegetable oil derivatives that approximate the properties and performance of the hydrocarbon-based diesel fuels. Bio-diesel is an alternative to petroleum-based fuels derived from vegetable oils, animal fats, and used waste cooking oil including triglycerides. Bio-diesel production is a very modern and technological area for researchers due to the relevance that it is winning everyday because of the increase in the petroleum price and the environmental advantages. Transesterification is the most common method and leads to monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils and fats, now called bio-diesel when used for fuel purposes. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.