Journal
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
Volume 80, Issue -, Pages 57-71Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.04.024
Keywords
Cool roof; Energy savings; Solar reflectance; Thermal mass; Above-sheathing ventilation; Residential building; Temperature reduction; Ceiling heat flow; Asphalt shingle; Concrete tile
Funding
- California Energy Commission (CEC) through its Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER)
- Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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To assess cool-roof benefits, the temperatures, heat flows, and energy uses in two similar single-family, single-story homes built side by side in Fresno, California were measured for a year. The cool house had a reflective cool concrete tile roof (initial albedo 0.51) with above-sheathing ventilation, and nearly twice the thermal capacitance of the standard dark asphalt shingle roof (initial albedo 0.07) on the standard house. Cool-roof energy savings in the cooling and heating seasons were computed two ways. Method A divides by HVAC efficiency the difference (standard cool) in ceiling + duct heat gain. Method B measures the difference in HVAC energy use, corrected for differences in plug and window heat gains. Based on the more conservative Method B, annual cooling (compressor + fan), heating fuel, and heating fan site energy savings per unit ceiling area were 2.82 kWh/m(2) (26%), 1.13 kWh/m(2) (4%), and 0.0294 kWh/m(2) (3%), respectively. Annual space conditioning (heating + cooling) source energy savings were 10.7 kWh/m(2) (15%); annual energy cost savings were $0.886/m(2) (20%). Annual conditioning CO2, NOx, and SO2 emission reductions were 1.63 kg/m(2) (15%), 0.621 g/m(2) (10%), and 0.0462 g/m(2) (22%). Peak-hour cooling power demand reduction was 0.88 W/m(2) (37%). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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