Silicon as anode for high-energy lithium ion batteries: From molten ingot to nanoparticles

In this work, we demonstrate that a new mechanical attrition process can be used to prepare nanosilicon powder from metallurgical grade silicon lumps. Composite Li-ion anode made from this nanometer-size powder was found to have a high reversible capacity of 2400 mAh g(-1) and an improved cycling stability compared to micrometer-sized powder. It is proposed that improved battery cycling performance is ascribed to the nanoscale silicon particles which supresses the volume expansion owing to its superplasticity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.