Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 7, Issue 8, Pages 2592-2597Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4ee00472h
Keywords
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Funding
- MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0819885]
- Nanyang Technological University Start-Up Grant [M4080977.120]
- Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51222212]
- MOST of China (973 Project) [2011CB922200]
- NSF-NNIN program
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First-principles calculations suggest that doping TiO2 with carbonate can effectively reduce the bandgap of TiO2, thus making TiO2 photoactive in the visible region of the solar spectrum. Herein we report a simple one-pot solvothermal method for synthesizing brown carbonate-doped TiO2 microspheres. The diameter of the TiO2 microsphere is tunable from similar to 0.5 to 4 mu m with the nanopore size in the range of 3-11 nm. Remarkably, the specific surface area of these nanoporous anatase TiO2 rnicrospheres can be as high as 500 m(2) g(-1). A controllable amount of carbonate could be incorporated into TiO2 through low-temperature post-synthesis annealing, which extends the light absorption of the TiO2 microspheres from the ultraviolet to the visible region of the solar spectrum. Very high photocatalytic activity of these carbonate-doped TiO2 microspheres was demonstrated in the visible light region for both photocatalytic production of hydrogen from water and degradation of methyl orange. Under 3 Sun visible-light illumination (lambda >= 400 nm), the carbonate-doped TiO2 microspheres can produce 0.2 mmol H-2 h(-1) g(-1) of photocatalyst, which is significantly higher than those from various other TiO2 photocatalysts.
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