CO2-triggered switchable solvents, surfactants, and other materials

Waste CO2 at atmospheric pressure can be used to trigger dramatic changes in the properties of certain switchable materials. Compared to other triggers such as light, acids and oxidants, CO2 has the advantages that it is inexpensive, nonhazardous, non-accumulating in the system, easily removed, and it does not require the material to be transparent. Known CO2-triggered switchable materials now include solvents, surfactants, solutes, catalysts, particles, polymers, and gels. These have also been described as smart materials or, for some of the switchable solvents, reversible ionic liquids''. The added flexibility of switchable materials represents a new strategy for minimizing energy and material consumption in process and product design.