Journal
ENERGY
Volume 60, Issue -, Pages 69-76Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.07.060
Keywords
Microwave assisted direct liquefaction; Ulva prolifera; Bio-oil; Central composite rotatable design; Response surface methodology
Categories
Funding
- Shandong Science and Technology plan project [2011GHY11528]
- Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China [2012AA052103]
- Specialized Fund for the Basic Research Operating expenses Program [20603022012004, 2010-ts-03]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41176153]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [2009ZRA02075]
- Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology plan project [11-3-1-5-hy]
- Science and Technology Support Key Project Plan of Tianjin [12ZCZDSFO2000]
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Microwave-assisted direct liquefaction (MADL) of Ulva prolifera was performed in ethylene glycol (EG) using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to optimize the conditions of three independent variables (catalyst content, solvent-to-feedstock ratio and temperature) for the liquefaction yield. And the bio-oil was analyzed by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The maximum liquefaction yield was 93.17%, which was obtained under a microwave power of 600 W for 30 min at 165 degrees C with a solvent-to-feedstock ratio of 18.87:1 and 4.93% sulfuric acid. The bio-oil was mainly composed of phthalic acid esters, alkenes and a fatty acid methyl ester with a long chain from C-16 to C-20. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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