Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 5190-5197Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en5125190
Keywords
lithium/sulfur battery; electrolyte; cyclability; polysulfide; redox shuttle
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A liquid electrolyte lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cell is a liquid electrochemical system. In discharge, sulfur is first reduced to highly soluble Li2S8, which dissolves into the organic electrolyte and serves as the liquid cathode. In solution, lithium polysulfide (PS) undergoes a series of complicated disproportionations, whose chemical equilibriums vary with the PS concentration and affect the cell's performance. Since the PS concentration relates to a certain electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, there is an optimized E/S ratio for the cyclability of each Li/S cell system. In this work, we study the optimized E/S ratio by measuring the cycling performance of Li/S cells, and propose an empirical method for determination of the optimized E/S ratio. By employing an electrolyte of 0.25 m LiSO3CF3-0.25 m LiNO3 dissolved in a 1:1 (wt:wt) mixture of dimethyl ether (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) in an optimized E/S ratio, we show that the Li/S cell with a cathode containing 72% sulfur and 2 mg cm(-2) sulfur loading is able to retain a specific capacity of 780 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.5 mA cm(-2) between 1.7 V and 2.8 V.
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