Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 741-751Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/en5030741
Keywords
bio-oil; lubrication property; emulsion; four-ball tester; SEM; XPS
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51106052]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-100-374]
- Nature Science Foundation of Beijing [3101001]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [11ZG08, 11QG25]
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Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass is a low-grade liquid fuel, which can be upgraded through the emulsification with diesel oil. In this study, we prepared two rice husk bio-oil samples with different solid char contents and three bio-oil/diesel-oil emulsion samples with the bio-oil content of 10 wt%, 30 wt% and 50 wt%, respectively. The lubrication properties of these oil samples were evaluated by a four-ball tester. The morphologies of the worn ball surface were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical states of the elements on the worn surface and non-worn surface were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). The results showed that the bio-oil possessed better extreme-pressure, anti-wear and friction-reducing properties than the commercial diesel oil (number zero). The solid char particles in the bio-oil could improve its lubrication performance. Moreover, the lubrication ability of the emulsions would be enhanced with the increasing of the bio-oil content in the emulsions.
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