Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 377-410Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en20200377
Keywords
solid oxide fuel cells; anode; direct utilization; liquid fuels; methanol; ethanol; portable applications
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have the advantage of being able to operate with fuels other than hydrogen. In particular, liquid fuels are especially attractive for powering portable applications such as small power generators or auxiliary power units, in which case the direct utilization of the fuel would be convenient. Although liquid fuels are easier to handle and transport than hydrogen, their direct use in SOFC can lead to anode deactivation due to carbon formation, especially on traditional nickel/yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) anodes. Significant advances have been made in anodic materials that are resistant to carbon formation but often these materials are less electrochemically active than Ni/YSZ. In this review the challenges of using liquid fuels directly in SOFC, in terms of gas-phase and catalytic reactions within the anode chamber, will be discussed and the alternative anode materials so far investigated will be compared.
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