Journal
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 42, Issue 2, Pages 227-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.003
Keywords
Coronary heart disease; Coronary artery disease; Endogenous estrogen; Hormone therapy; Menopause; Estradiol; Sex hormone-binding globulin
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Heart disease remains a major cause of death among women in the United States. This article focuses on physiologic endogenous estrogen levels with a systematic review of literature related to endogenous sex steroid levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) among postmenopausal women with natural or surgical menopause. There is adequate reason to seek evidence for associations of circulating estrogen levels and CAD. In the future, even if ovarian senescence-associated hormonal changes are confirmed to be associated with CAD in cohort studies of postmenopausal women, there may be other components explaining the gender differences in CAD patterns.
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