Journal
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 41, Issue 3, Pages 595-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.004
Keywords
Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis; Osteoblasts; Osteocytes; Osteoclasts; Bone vascularity; Bisphosphonates; Teriparatide; Denosumab
Categories
Funding
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health [P01-AG13918]
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Glucocorticoid administration is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis and the leading cause of nontraumatic osteonecrosis. In patients receiving long-term therapy, glucocorticoids induce fractures in 30% to 50% and osteonecrosis in 9% to 40%. This article reviews glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and osteonecrosis, addressing the risk factors, pathogenesis, evaluation, treatment, and uncertainties in the clinical management of these disorders.
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