Journal
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 149, Issue 6, Pages 3167-3175Publisher
ENDOCRINE SOC
DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1227
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Funding
- NIA NIH HHS [5P01AG026572, P01 AG026572, T32-AG000093-24/25, T32 AG000093] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH067159, 1R01 MH67159-01] Funding Source: Medline
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The ovarian hormones progesterone and estrogen have well-established neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects supporting both reproductive function and cognitive health. More recently, it has been recognized that these steroids also regulate metabolic functions sustaining the energetic demands of this neuronal activation. Underlying this metabolic control is an interpretation of signals from diverse environmental sources integrated by receptor-mediated responses converging upon mitochondrial function. In this study, to determine the effects of progesterone (P4) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on metabolic control via mitochondrial function, ovariectomized rats were treated with P4, E2, or E2 plus P4, and whole-brain mitochondria were isolated for functional assessment. Brain mitochondria from hormone-treated rats displayed enhanced functional efficiency and increased metabolic rates. The hormone-treated mitochondria exhibited increased respiratory function coupled to increased expression and activity of the electron transport chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). This increased respiratory activity was coupled with a decreased rate of reactive oxygen leak and reduced lipid peroxidation representing a systematic enhancement of brain mitochondrial efficiency. As such, ovarian hormone replacement induces mitochondrial alterations in the central nervous system supporting efficient and balanced bioenergetics reducing oxidative stress and attenuating endogenous oxidative damage.
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