Journal
EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 51-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2010.08.005
Keywords
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus; Benzodiazepines; Refractory status epilepticus; Electroencephalography; Status epilepticus; Non-convulsive status epilepticus
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Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) has a high morbidity and mortality, such that the rapid delivery of anticonvulsant therapy should be initiated within minutes of seizure onset to prevent permanent neuronal damage. GCSE is not a specific disease but is a manifestation of either a primary central nervous system (CNS) insult or a systemic disorder with secondary CNS effects. It is mandatory to look for an underlying cause. First-line therapies for seizures and status epilepticus include the use of a benzodiazepine, followed by an infusion of a phenytoin with a possible role for intravenous valproate or phenobarbital. If these first-line medications fail to terminate the GCSE, treatment includes the continuous infusion of midazolam, pentobarbital, or propofol.
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