Building and remodelling Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases - 'Ubiquitylation: mechanism and functions' review series

Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) control a plethora of biological pathways through targeted ubiquitylation of signalling proteins. These modular assemblies use substrate receptor modules to recruit specific targets. Recent efforts have focused on understanding the mechanisms that control the activity state of CRLs through dynamic alterations in CRL architecture. Central to these processes are cycles of cullin neddylation and deneddylation, as well as exchange of substrate receptor modules to re-sculpt the CRL landscape, thereby responding to the cellular requirements to turn over distinct proteins in different contexts. This review is focused on how CRLs are dynamically controlled with an emphasis on how c-ullin neddylation cycles are integrated with receptor exchange. Keywords: cullin; ubiquitin; Nedd8; COP9 signalosome; E3 ligase; CAND1