Journal
EMBO REPORTS
Volume 9, Issue 12, Pages 1244-1250Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1038/embor.2008.193
Keywords
convergent extension movements; RAC-1; RHO-like GTPases; Xenopus laevis; WNT-5A
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Funding
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Swedish Research Counci
- European Union (Eurostemcell)
- Karolinska Institutet
- Angstromke Wiberg
- Signe Olof Wallenius
- Jeanssons
- Tore Nilsson Foundations
- German Research Foundation (DFG)
- Ministry of Education and Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- European Molecular Biology Organization
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Recent advances in understanding beta-catenin-independent WNT (non-canonical) signalling suggest an increasing complexity, raising the question of how individual non-canonical pathways are induced and regulated. Here, we examine whether intracellular signalling components such as beta-arrestin (beta-arr) and casein kinases 1 and 2 (CK1 and CK2) can contribute to determining signalling specificity in beta-catenin-independent WNT signalling to the small GTPase RAC-1. Our findings indicate that beta-arr is sufficient and required for WNT/RAC-1 signalling, and that casein kinases act as a switch that prevents the activation of RAC-1 and promotes other non-canonical WNT pathways through the phosphorylation of dishevelled (DVL, xDSH in Xenopus). Thus, our results indicate that the balance between beta-arr and CK1/2 determines whether WNT/RAC-1 or other non-canonical WNT pathways are activated.
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