Journal
EMBO REPORTS
Volume 9, Issue 10, Pages 1019-1026Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1038/embor.2008.162
Keywords
DNA damage checkpoint; protein phosphatases; DNA damage; H2AX; PP4
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Cancer Society
- Terry Fox Foundation
- Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation
- Japan Leukemia Research
- Ontario Student Opportunities Trust
- Canada Research Chairs (Tier II)
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Phosphorylation of histone H2AX on Ser 139 (gamma H2AX) is one of the earliest events in the response to DNA double-strand breaks; however, the subsequent removal of gamma H2AX from chromatin is less understood, despite being a process tightly coordinated with DNA repair. Previous studies in yeast have identified the Pph3 phosphatase (the PP4C orthologue) as important for the dephosphorylation of gamma H2AX. By contrast, work in human cells attributed this activity to PP2A. Here, we report that PP4 contributes to the dephosphorylation of gamma H2AX, both at the sites of DNA damage and in undamaged chromatin in human cells, independently of a role in DNA repair. Furthermore, depletion of PP4C results in a prolonged checkpoint arrest, most likely owing to the persistence of mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) at the sites of DNA lesions. Taken together, these results indicate that PP4 is an evolutionarily conserved gamma H2AX phosphatase.
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