Stereoscopic neuroanatomy lectures using a three-dimensional virtual reality environment

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics are increasingly used to supplement the teaching of anatomy. While most systems consist of a program which produces 3D renderings on a workstation with a standard screen, the Dextrobeam virtual reality VR environment allows the presentation of spatial neuroanatomical models to larger groups of students through a stereoscopic projection system. Materials and methods: Second-year medical students (n = 169) were randomly allocated to receive a standardised pre-recorded audio lecture detailing the anatomy of the third ventricle accompanied by either a two-dimensional (2D) PowerPoint presentation (n = 80) or a 3D animated tour of the third ventricle with the DextroBeam. Students completed a 10-question multiple-choice exam based on the content learned and a subjective evaluation of the teaching method immediately after the lecture. Results: Students in the 2D group achieved a mean score of 5.19 (+/- 2.12) compared to 5.45 (+/- 2.16) in the 3D group, with the results in the 3D group statistically non-inferior to those of the 2D group (p < 0.0001). The students rated the 3D method superior to 2D teaching in four domains (spatial understanding, application in future anatomy classes, effectiveness, enjoyableness) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Stereoscopically enhanced 3D lectures are valid methods of imparting neuroanatomical knowledge and are well received by students. More research is required to define and develop the role of large-group VR systems in modern neuroanatomy curricula. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.