Recent developments in coupled SPE-CE

This article presents an overview of coupled SPE-CE systems that have been reported in the literature between April 2007 and June 2009. The use of in-line and on-line SPE-CE is covered in this review. Special attention is paid to the use of monoliths and molecularly imprinted polymers in coupled SPE-CE systems. Application-oriented research is discussed in which in-line and on-line SPE-CE systems have been used in biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis. The SPE-CE studies are presented in tables, including information on sample type, SPE sorbent, detection and LOD. Finally, some future developments that may increase the applicability of coupled SPE-CE are highlighted.