AlF3 modification to suppress the gas generation of Li4Ti5O12 anode battery

Commercial Li4Ti5O12 is modified by AlF3 with the purpose of suppressing the gas generation of Li4Ti5O12 anode battery. The prepared AlF3-modified Li4Ti5O12 is characterized by a variety of means such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that only part of Al3+ and F- have co-doped into the bulk phase of Li4Ti5O12 particles, while the rest of the Al3+ and F- remain on the surface of the Li4Ti5O12 particles to form an AlF3 coating layer. The AlF3 coating layer on the surface of AlF3-modified Li4Ti5O12 is very effective in suppressing the gas generation of Li4Ti5O12 anode battery. AlF3 modification is a simple yet very effective strategy, which can both improve the high-rate charge/discharge performance of Li4Ti5O12 and suppress the gassing behavior of Li4Ti5O12 anode battery. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.