Journal
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 134, Issue -, Pages 442-449Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.083
Keywords
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4; lithium-ion batteries; high-rate performance
Categories
Funding
- Russian Federation Basic Research Fund [13-03-00384A]
- Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [16.552.11.7092]
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The citric acid aided synthesis, physico-chemical and electrochemical characterization of the nano-sized nickel-doped lithium manganese spinel, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 having excellent high-rate properties is described. An optimal electrode material represented by perfectly shaped, well-faceted particles of 100-400 nm size containing crystallites of the 15-22 nm size could be obtained upon the thermal treatment at 700 degrees C. In spite of a reduced specific capacity (102 mAh.g(-1)) it is able to retain a half of it upon the discharge current of 4400 mA.g(-1) (30C) and to endure the current load of 5870 mAh.g(-1) (40C) delivering the reversible specific capacity of 25 mAh.g(-1). It is suggested that the reduced specific capacity is determined primarily by the aggregation of material's particles, whereas the good high-rate capability is governed not only by the size of crystallites but also by the perfectness of crystals, and imperfections in big, well-shaped crystals (like dislocations, grain boundaries, etc.) less retard the diffusion of lithium ions than particle boundaries in small, randomly oriented, accreted crystals. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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