Journal
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 114, Issue -, Pages 688-692Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.104
Keywords
Flame retardant; Lithium ion batteries; Graphitic anode; Safety; Compatibility
Categories
Funding
- 973 Project of China [2011CB935901]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21203110]
- Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (IIFSDU)
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The compatibility with graphitic anode has been one key problem in developing flame-retarding additives for lithium ion batteries. To understand the interactions between flame-retarding additives and graphitic anode, two phosphonate esters (dimethyl methylphosphonate DMMP and diethyl ethylphosphonate DEEP) are selected and characterized as flame retardant addtives. DEEP is reported as a flame-retarding additive for the first time. Their interactions with graphite anode are characterized via current-static charge-discharge, ex-situ XRD, FE-SEM and AC impedance. The results reveal that the two phosphonate esters demonstrate different reaction mechanisms with graphitic anode, which result in different anode compatibility. These findings may be useful for designing better flame-retarding additives for lithium ion batteries. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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