Journal
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 90, Issue -, Pages 112-118Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.104
Keywords
Anatase TiO2; Anode; Particle size; Electrochemical properties; Li-ion batteries
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Science Technology (MEST) [R32-20074]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through the Basic Research Laboratories (BRL) Program [2011-0001567]
- Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation
- WCU (World Class University) program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
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Urea-assisted auto-combustion synthesis was used for the easy and scalable preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles for use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The prepared TiO2 powder was annealed at 300 degrees C, 400 degrees C, 500 degrees C and 600 degrees C to optimize the system and assess the effects of particle size on electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that pure anatase phase TiO2 formed at up to 500 degrees C, above which mixed phases of anatase and rutile emerged. Field-emission transmission electron microscopy showed that spherical particles of 8-25 nm were formed. The electrochemical performances of annealed TiO2 samples were tested by charging/discharging, C-rate measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was clearly found that the crystal particle size has a striking impact on the Li insertion behavior and lithium storage capability. TiO2 nanoparticles electrode annealed at lower temperature 300 degrees C showed high rate capability, excellent capacity retention and high electrical conductivity due to its very small particles and nonideal crystal lattices. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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