P2-type layered Na0.45Ni0.22Co0.11Mn0.66O2 as intercalation host material for lithium and sodium batteries

Herein is reported the electrochemical performance of Na0.45Ni0.22Co0.11Mn0.66O2 as cathode material for lithium and sodium batteries. The material is able to reversibly accommodate both cation species but reveals a much better electrochemical performance towards Na-ion intercalation. Upon galvanostatic cycling for 100 cycles a much higher capacity retention (82% vs. Na, 61% vs. Li) and higher coulombic efficiency (99.5% vs. Na, 98.5% vs. Li) are shown by the sodium-based system. The worse electrochemical performance of the lithium-based system can be explained by the much higher irreversibility of the Mn3+/Mn4+ redox process. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.