Quantitative three-dimensional microstructure of a solid oxide fuel cell cathode

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are being actively developed world wide for clean and efficient electrical generation from fuels such as natural gas, hydrogen, coal, and gasoline. The cathode in state of the art SOFCs is typically a porous composite of electronically-conducting La(1-x)Sr(x)MnO(3) (LSM) and ionically-conducting Y(2)O(3)-stabilized ZrO(2) (YSZ) that facilitates the critical oxygen reduction reaction. Here we describe the three-dimensional characterization and quantification of key structural parameters from an LSM-YSZ cathode, using imaging and volume reconstruction based on focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy. LSM-YSZ-pore three-phase boundaries (TPBs) were identified. Approximately 1/3 of the TPBs were found to be electrochemically inactive, as they were on isolated LSM particles, yielding an active TPB density of 4.9 mu m(-2). Cathode electrochemical modeling, which included a measured YSZ tortuosity of 3.4, yielded an effective TPB resistance of approximate to 2.5 x 10(5) Omega cm at 800 degrees C. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.