High capacity and excellent cyclability of vanadium (IV) oxide in lithium battery applications

A VO2 center dot 0.43H(2)O powder with a flaky particle morphology was synthesized via a hydrothermal reduction method. It was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and thermogravi metric analysis. As an electrode material for rechargeable lithium batteries, it was used both as a cathode versus lithium anode and as an anode versus LiCoO2, LiFePO4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. The VO2 center dot 0.43H(2)O electrode exhibits an extraordinary superiority with high capacity (160 mAh g(-1)), high energy efficiency (95%), excellent cyclability (142.5 mAh g(-1) after 500 cycles) and rate capability (100 mAh g(-1) at 10 C-rate). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.