Journal
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 11, Issue 11, Pages 2157-2160Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.09.019
Keywords
Li-ion battery; Sn anode; SEI layer; In situ AFM
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Funding
- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]
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Early stages of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation at a tin foil electrode in an ethylene carbonate (EC) based electrolyte were investigated by in situ AFM and cyclic voltammetry (CV) at potentials >0.7 V, i.e., above the potential of Sn-Li alloying. We detected and observed initial steps of the surface film formation at similar to 2.8 V vs. Li/Li+ followed by gradual film morphology changes at potentials 0.7 < U < 2.5 V. The SEI layer undergoes continuous reformation during the following CV cycles between 0.7 and 2.5 V. The surface film on Sn does not effectively prevent the electrolyte reduction and a large fraction of the reaction products dissolve in the electrolyte. The unstable SEI layer on Sn in EC-based electrolytes may compromise the use of tin-based anodes in Li-ion battery systems unless the interfacial chemistry of the electrode and/or electrolyte is modified. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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