Journal
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 881-884Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.02.015
Keywords
Li ion battery; Nano; Thermodynamics; Phase transformations
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Funding
- American Chemical Society (ACS) [46584-G10]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
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Surface free energies become increasingly important in affecting voltage profiles and solubility limits of first-order phase transformations as electrode particles approach nanometer dimensions. Here, we show that the presence of a distribution in crystallite sizes at nanometer dimensions (<100 nm) can qualitatively modify the voltage profile around a first-order phase transformation. The plateau voltage of a first-order phase transformation depends on crystallite dimensions and a distribution of crystallite sizes leads to a spectrum of transformation voltages that produces a sloping voltage profile similar to that of a solid solution. This suggests that the voltage profile of a collection of nano-electrode particles can be tailored not only by modifying chemistry, but also with surface treatment and through control of particle size distribution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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