Electrochemical characteristics of spinel Li4Ti5O12 discharged to 0.01 V

Cycling stability, reversible capacity and rate performance of Li4Ti5O12 discharged to 0.01 V were investigated. A couple of obvious and repeatable peaks under 0.6 V observed by CV indicated that Li4Ti5O12 possessed reversible capacity below 0.6 V. When discharge voltage of Li4Ti5O12 extended from 0.6 to 0.01 V, its cycling stability was not affected and its reversible capacity and high rate performance were improved. Although the capacity obtained from 2.0 to 0.6 V gradually decreased with increasing the applied current density, the capacity obtained from 0.6 to 0.01 V showed little loss. AB was both electronic conducting additive and lithium-ion conducting additive for Li4Ti5O12 under 0.6 V. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.