High-Selective Tramadol Sensor Based on Modified Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Carbon Paste Electrode with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

We report here a novel carbon paste electrode (CPE) which is able to quantitatively sense tramadol under physiological conditions without sample preparation step. The selectivity of CPE is modified by applying molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are incorporated in the structure of CPE to improve the conductivity and the ion-to-electron transduction. The electrode shows a wide dynamic linear range for tramadol from 107 to 103M. The observed limit of detection and % RSD are 5x107M and 1.8%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method is applied to determine tramadol in urine and medicinal tablets.