Structural Characterization of Graphene Nanosheets for Miniaturization of Potentiometric Urea Lipid Film Based Biosensors

The present article describes a miniaturized potentiometric urea lipid film based biosensor on graphene nanosheets. Structural characterization of graphene nanosheets for miniaturization of potentiometric urea lipid film based biosensors have been studied through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. UV-Vis and Fourrier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy have been utilized to study the pre- and postconjugated surfaces of graphene nanosheets. The presented potentiometric urea biosensor exhibits good reproducibility, reusability, selectivity, rapid response times (similar to 4 s), long shelf life and high sensitivity of ca. 70 mV/decade over the urea logarithmic concentration range from 1 x 10(-6) M to 1 x 10(-3) M.