Oxidation of Biofuels: Fuel Diversity and Effectiveness of Fuel Oxidation through Multiple Enzyme Cascades

Enzymatic biofuel cells have employed a variety of fuels, including: glucose, fructose, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, lactate, pyruvate and ethylene glycol. This review describes the wealth of fuel diversity in enzymatic biofuel cells, along with the use of multi-enzyme cascades for deep or complete oxidation of biofuels at the anode of enzymatic biofuel cells. Deep or complete oxidation is a relatively new research area for enzymatic biofuel cells, but it is necessary to increase energy density and minimize product inhibition effects.