Load frequency control and automatic generation control using fractional-order controllers

Recently, fractional calculus has received extensive attention and research. Accordingly, there is an increasing interest in fractional-order (FO) dynamic systems and controllers. The widely used classical integer-order proportional-integral controller and proportional-integral-derivative controller are usually adopted in the load frequency control (LFC) and automatic generation control (AGC) to improve the dynamic response and to eliminate or reduce steady-state errors. This paper utilizes the FO controllers to improve stability and response of LFC and AGC system. The paper uses the integral of the time-weighted absolute error performance index for optimal controller design. The paper investigates LFC and AGC for both isolated and interconnected power systems and shows that FO controllers perform better than classical integer-order controllers in theses systems.