Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 773-778Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00043
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0669]
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- MRSEC [NSF DMR-1121262]
- State of Illinois
- Northwestern University
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With a semiconducting band gap and high charge carrier mobility, two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP)-often referred to as phosphorene-holds significant promise for next generation electronics and optoelectronics. However, as a 2D material, it possesses a higher surface area to volume ratio than bulk BP, suggesting that its chemical and thermal stability will be modified. Herein, an atomic-scale microscopic and spectroscopic study is performed to characterize the thermal degradation of mechanically exfoliated 2D BP. From in situ scanning/transmission electron microscopy, decomposition of 2D BP is observed to occur at similar to 400 degrees C in vacuum, in contrast to the 550 degrees C bulk BP sublimation temperature. This decomposition initiates via eye-shaped cracks along the [001] direction and then continues until only a thin, amorphous red phosphorus like skeleton remains. In situ electron energy loss spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and energy-loss near-edge structure changes provide quantitative insight into this chemical transformation process.
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