Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 109, Issue -, Pages 56-62Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.006
Keywords
Trichlorfon; Phoetalia pallida; Acetylcholinesterase; Neurotoxicity; Dopaminergic signaling
Categories
Funding
- Brazilian Antarctic Program through CNPq [574018/2008]
- FAPERJ [E-26/170.023/2008]
- Ministry of science and Technology - MCT
- Ministry of Environment - MMA
- CIRM through INCT-APA
- Edital Toxinologia CAPES [063/2010]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPES
- Programa de Bolsas de Desenvolvimento Academico-PBDA (UNIPAMPA)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)
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Organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been used indiscriminately, based on their high dissipation rates and low residual levels in the environment. Despite the toxicity of OPs to beneficial insects is principally devoted to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, the physiological mechanisms underlying this activity remain poorly understood. Here we showed the pharmacological pathways that might be involved in severe alterations in the insect locomotion and grooming behaviors following sublethal administration of the OP Trichlorfon (Tn) (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mu M) in Phoetalia pallida. Tn inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity (46 +/- 6, 38 +/- 3 and 24 +/- 6 nmol NADPH/min/mg protein, n = 3, p < 0.05), respectively. Tn (1 mu M) also increased the walking maintenance of animals (46 +/- 5 s; n = 27: p < 0.05). Tn caused a high increase in the time spent for this behavior (344 +/- 18 s/30 min, 388 +/- 18 s/30 min and 228 +/- 12 s/30 min, n = 29-30. p < 0.05. respectively). The previous treatment of the animals with different cholinergic modulators showed that pirenzepine > atropine > oxotremorine > d-tubocurarine > tropicamide > methoctramine induced a decrease on Tn (0.5 mu M)-induced grooming increase, respectively in order of potency. Metoclopramide (0.4 mu M), a DA-D-2 selective inhibitor decreased the Tn-induced grooming activity (158 +/- 12 s/30 mm; n = 29; p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the effect of the selective DA-D-1 receptor blocker SCH 23390 (1.85 mu M) on the Tn (0.5 mu M)-induced grooming increase was significative and more intense than that of metoclopramide (54 +/- 6 s/30 min; n = 30; p < 0.05). Taken together the results suggest that a cross-talking between cholinergic M1/M3 and dopaminergic D1 receptors at the insect nervous system may play a role in the OP-mediated behavioral alterations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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