Journal
ECOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 14, Issue 5, Pages 433-443Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01605.x
Keywords
Common-garden experiment; community feedbacks; community genetics; cost of facilitation; dual-lattice model; facilitation; foundation species; physical disturbance
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Funding
- University of Bordeaux 1
- National Science Foundation [DEB-0425908]
- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [40901019, 31000203, 31000178]
- National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China [30625008]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2007CB108902]
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P>Much is known about facilitation, but virtually nothing about the underlying genetic and evolutionary consequences of this important interaction. We assessed the potential of phenotypic differences in facilitative effects of a foundation species to determine the composition of an Alpine community in Arizona. Two phenotypes of Geum rossii occur along a gradient of disturbance, with 'tight' competitive cushions in stable conditions and 'loose' facilitative cushions in disturbed conditions. A common-garden study suggested that field-based traits may have a genetic basis. Field experiments showed that the reproductive fitness of G. rossii cushions decreased with increasing facilitation. Finally, using a dual-lattice model we showed that including the cost and benefit of facilitation may contribute to the co-occurrence of genotypes with contrasting facilitative effects. Our results indicate that changes in community composition due to phenotypic differences in facilitative effects of a foundation species may in turn affect selective pressures on the foundation species.
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