Journal
ECOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages 1210-1220Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01505.x
Keywords
Competition colonization trade-off; environmental change; individual-based model; migration; phenotype evolution; range margin; rapid evolution; stochastic simulation model
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Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Funding Source: Medline
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D521349/2, NE/F021402/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/F021402/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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P>During range-advance, individuals on the expanding edge of the population face a unique selective environment. In this study, we use a three-trait trade-off model to explore the evolution of dispersal, reproduction and competitive ability during range expansion. We show that range expansion greatly affects the evolution of life-history traits due to differing selection pressures at the front of the range compared with those found in stationary and core populations. During range expansion, dispersal and reproduction are selected for on the expanding population front, whereas traits associated with fitness at equilibrium density (competitive ability) show dramatic declines. Additionally, we demonstrate that the presence of a competing species can considerably reduce the extent to which dispersal is selected upwards at an expanding front. These findings have important implications for understanding both the rate of spread of invasive species and the range-shifting dynamics of native species in response to climate change.
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