Journal
ECOLOGY
Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 877-887Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1890/08-0153.1
Keywords
Brownian motion; diffusive walks; emergence; foraging; Levy flight; movement patterns; optimal foraging; power laws; scaling; search pattern
Categories
Funding
- Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E010695/1]
- Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Research Councils of the United Kingdom
- BBSRC [BBS/E/C/00004939, BB/E010695/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E010695/1, BBS/E/C/00004939] Funding Source: researchfish
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Over recent years there has been an accumulation of evidence from a variety of experimental, theoretical, and field studies that many organisms use a movement strategy approximated by Levy flights when they are searching for resources. Levy flights are random movements that can maximize the efficiency of resource searches in uncertain environments. This is a highly significant finding because it suggests that Levy flights provide a rigorous mathematical basis for separating out evolved, innate behaviors from environmental influences. We discuss recent developments in random-search theory, as well as the many different experimental and data collection initiatives that have investigated search strategies. Methods for trajectory construction and robust data analysis procedures are presented. The key to prediction and understanding does, however, lie in the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the observed patterns. We discuss candidate neurological, olfactory, and learning mechanisms for the emergence of Levy flight patterns in some organisms, and note that convergence of behaviors along such different evolutionary pathways is not surprising given the energetic efficiencies that Levy flight movement patterns confer.
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