When will ecologists learn engineering and engineers learn ecology?

Six large-scale wetland restoration case studies are presented here, three of which relate to ecological engineering of coastlines, and three of which relate to large-scale watershed improvements that in turn lead to improvement of downstream aquatic ecosystems. All of these case studies suggest that there is much more to restoration than returning a system to what it was before, particularly given the drastic changes to the physical and chemical environment. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.